Tags
North Dakota, ND, GIS Hub, NDGIS, NDGISHub, NAIP, aerial photography, imagery, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, environment
Preliminary version of 2019 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) natural color .6-meter pixel resolution. The imagery was collected statewide from TBD 2019 through TBD 2019. This data set contains imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). The NAIP acquires digital ortho imagery during the agricultural growing seasons in the continental U.S. A primary goal of the NAIP program is to enable availability of ortho imagery within one year of acquisition. The NAIP provides 60 centimeter ground sample distance (GSD) ortho imagery rectified to a horizontal accuracy within +/- 4 meters of reference digital ortho quarter quads (DOQQ's) from the National Digital Ortho Program (NDOP) or from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). The tiling format of NAIP imagery is based on a 3.75' x 3.75' quarter quadrangle with a 300 pixel buffer on all four sides. The NAIP imagery is formatted to the UTM coordinate system using the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The NAIP imagery may contain as much as 10% cloud cover per tile. This file was generated by compressing NAIP imagery that cover the county extent. Two types of compression may be used for NAIP imagery: MrSID and JPEG 2000. The target value for the compression ratio is 40:1 for imagery. Credits: USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office, ND GIS Hub
Preliminary version of 2019 NAIP natural color .6-meter pixel resolution aerial photography. The NAIP imagery is typically available for distribution within 60 days of the end of a flying season and is intended to provide current information of agricultural conditions in support of USDA farm programs. For USDA Farm Service Agency, the 1 meter and 60cm GSD product provides an ortho image base for Common Land Unit boundaries and other data sets. The NAIP imagery is generally acquired in projects covering full states in cooperation with state government and other federal agencies who use the imagery for a variety of purposes including land use planning and natural resource assessment. The NAIP is also used for disaster response often providing the most current pre-event imagery.
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Not for navigation. The USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office asks to be credited in derived products.The State of North Dakota has compiled this data according to conventional cartographic standards, using what is thought to be the most reliable information available. This data is intended to make results of research available at the earliest possible date, but is not intended to constitute final or formal publication. The State of North Dakota makes every effort to provide virus-free files but does not guarantee uncorrupted files. The State of North Dakota does not guarantee this data to be free from errors, inaccuracies, or viruses, and disclaims any responsibility or liability for interpretations or decisions based on this data.
Not for navigation. The USDA-FSA Aerial Photography Field Office asks to be credited in derived products.The State of North Dakota has compiled this data according to conventional cartographic standards, using what is thought to be the most reliable information available. This data is intended to make results of research available at the earliest possible date, but is not intended to constitute final or formal publication. The State of North Dakota makes every effort to provide virus-free files but does not guarantee uncorrupted files. The State of North Dakota does not guarantee this data to be free from errors, inaccuracies, or viruses, and disclaims any responsibility or liability for interpretations or decisions based on this data.
| Maximum (zoomed in) | 1:5,000 |
| Minimum (zoomed out) | 1:150,000,000 |
Digital imagery was collected at a nominal GSD of 80cm using eight Cessna 441 aircraft and two Beechcraft King Air flying at an average flight height of 9800m AGL. All aircraft flew with Leica Geosystem's ADS100/SH100 digital sensors with firmware 4.42. Each sensor collected 12 image bands Red,Green,Blue and Near-infrared at each of three look angles; Backward 19 degrees, Forward 26 degrees and Nadir. The Nadir Green band was collected in high resolution mode effectively doubling the resolution for that band. The ADS100 spectral ranges are; Red 619-651nm,Green 525-585nm,Blue 435-495nm and Near-infrared at 808-882nm. The CCD arrays have a pixel size of 5.0 microns in a 20000x1 format at nadir; a 18000x1 format at the backward look angle and a 16000x1 format at the forward look angle. The CCD's have a dynamic range of 72db and the A/D converters have a resolution of 14bits. The ADS is a push-broom sensor and the ground footprint of the imagery at a nominal GSD of 80cm is approximately 15km wide by the length flightline. The maximum flightline length is limited to approximately 240km. The factory calibrations and IMU alignments for each sensor (Serial Numbers: 10511,10512,10514,10519, 10527,10528,10531,10534,10540,10554) were tested and verified by in-situ test flights before the start of the project. The Leica MissionPro Flight Planning Software is used to develop the flight acquisition plans. Flight acquisition sub blocks are designed first to define the GNSS base station logistics, and to break the project up into manageable acquisition units. The flight acquisition sub blocks are designed based on the specified acquisition season, native UTM zone of the DOQQs, flight line length limitations (to ensure sufficient performance of the IMU solution) as well as air traffic restrictions in the area. Once the sub blocks have been delineated they are brought into MissionPro for flight line design. The design parameters used in MissionPro will be 27 to 35% lateral overlap and 40cm resolution. The flight lines have been designed with a north/south orientation. The design takes into account the latitude of the state, which affects line spacing due to convergence as well as the terrain. SRTM elevation data is used in the MissionPro design to ensure the 50cm GSD is achieved over all types of terrain. The raw data was downloaded from the sensors after each flight using Leica XPro software. The imagery was then georeferenced using the 200Hz GPS/INS data creating an exterior orientation for each scan line (x/y/z/o/p/k). Leica Xpro APM software was used to automatically generate tiepoint measurements between the foward 26 degree, nadir and backward 19 degree look angles for each line and to tie all flight lines together. The resulting point data and exterior orientation data were used to perform a full bundle adjustment using ORIMA software. Blunders were removed, and additional tie points measured in weak areas to ensure a robust solution. Once the point data was clean and point coverage was acceptable, photo-identifiable GPS-surveyed ground control points were introduced into the block adjustment. The bundle adjustment process produces revised exterior orientation data for the sensor with GPS/INS, datum, and sensor calibration errors modeled and removed. Using the revised exterior orientation from the bundle adjustment, orthorectified image strips were created with Xpro software and the June 2015 USGS 10m NED DEM. The Xpro orthorectification software applies an atmospheric-BRDF radiometric correction to the imagery. This correction compensates for atmospheric absorption, solar illumination angle and bi-directional reflectance. The orthorectified strips were then overlaid with each other and the ground control to check accuracy. Once the accuracy of the orthorectified image strips were validated the strips were then imported into Inpho's OrthoVista 6.0.1 package which was used for the final radiometric balance, mosaic, and DOQQ sheet creation. The final DOQQ sheets, with a 300m buffer and a ground pixel resolution of 1 meter were then combined and compressed to create the county wide CCMs
Digital imagery was collected at a nominal GSD of 1.0m using seven Cessna 441 aircrafts flying at an average flight height of 9052m AGL. All aircraft flew with Leica Geosystem's ADS80/SH82 digital sensors with firmware 3.20 or newer. Each sensor collected 11 image bands. PanF27A,PanF02A and PanB14A panchromatic bands with a spectral range of 465-676nm. RedN00a and RedB16a with a spectral range of 604-664nm. GrnN00a and GrnB16a with a spectral range of 533-587nm. BluN00a and BluB16a with a spectral range of 420-492nm and Near-infrared bands NirN00a and NirB16a with a spectral range of 833-920nm. The CCD arrays have a pixel size of 6.5 microns in a 12000x1 format. Both the CCD's and the A/D convertors have a dynamic range of 12bits. The data is stored in 16bit format. The ADS is a push-broom sensor and the ground footprint of the imagery at NAIP scale is 12km wide by the length flightline. The maximum flightline length is limited to approximately 240km. The factory calibrations and IMU alignments for each sensor (Serial Numbers: 1321, 30011, 30012, 30014, 30017, 30022, 30034, and 30103) were tested and verified by in-situ test flights before the start of the project. The Leica ADS Flight Planning and Evaluation Software (FPES) is used to develop the flight acquisition plans. Flight acquisition sub blocks are designed first to define the GNSS base station logistics, and to break the project up into manageable acquisition units. The flight acquisition sub blocks are designed based on the specified acquisition season, native UTM zone of the DOQQs, flight line length limitations (to ensure sufficient performance of the IMU solution) as well as air traffic restrictions in the area. Once the sub blocks have been delineated they are brought into FPES for flight line design. The design parameters used in FPES will be 30% lateral overlap and 1.0m resolution. The flight lines have been designed with a north/south orientation. The design takes into account the latitude of the state, which affects line spacing due to convergence as well as the terrain. SRTM elevation data is used in the FPES design to ensure the 1m GSD is achieved over all types of terrain. The raw data was downloaded from the sensors after each flight using Leica XPro software. The imagery was then georeferenced using the 200Hz GPS/INS data creating an exterior orientation for each scan line (x/y/z/o/p/k). Technicians precisely measured tie points in 3 bands/looks (Back/Nadir/Forward) for each line using Leica Xpro software. The resulting point data and exterior orientation data were used to perform a full bundle adjustment with ORIMA software. Blunders were removed, and additional tie points measured in weak areas to ensure a robust solution. Once the point data was clean and point coverage was acceptable, photo-identifiable GPS-surveyed ground control points were introduced into the block adjustment. The bundle adjustment process produces revised exterior orientation data for the sensor with GPS/INS, datum, and sensor calibration errors modeled and removed. Using the revised exterior orientation from the bundle adjustment, orthorectified image strips were created with Xpro software and the April 2012 USGS 10m NED DEM. The Xpro orthorectification software applies an atmospheric-BRDF radiometric correction to the imagery. This correction compensates for atmospheric absorption, solar illumination angle and bi-directional reflectance. The orthorectified strips were then overlaid with each other and the ground control to check accuracy. Once the accuracy of the orthorectified image strips were validated the strips were then imported into Inpho's OrthoVista 4.6 package which was used for the final radiometric balance, mosaic, and DOQQ sheet creation of the final DOQQ sheets, with a 300m buffer and a ground pixel resolution of 1m.
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